-
1 traditional
adjectivetraditionell; mündlich überliefert [Geschichte]; herkömmlich [Erziehung, Einrichtung, Methode]; überkommen [Brauch, Sitte, Werte, Moral]* * *adjective traditionell* * *tra·di·tion·al[trəˈdɪʃənəl]\traditional jazz Dixieland[jazz] m* * *[trə'dISənl]adj1) traditionell; story, custom also alt; virtues also überkommenit's traditional for us to spend New Year's Day at my mother's — es ist bei uns so üblich or Brauch, dass wir den Neujahrstag bei meiner Mutter verbringen
the traditional way of doing sth — die traditionelle Weise, etw zu tun
this custom is traditional to Somerset — dieser Brauch hat in Somerset Tradition
2)(= conventional)
to be traditional in one's outlook — eine konservative Auffassung haben* * *traditional [-ʃənl] adj (adv → academic.ru/76026/traditionally">traditionally) traditionell, Traditions…:a) (mündlich) überliefertb) herkömmlich, (alt)hergebracht, üblich:it is traditional for them to do sth es ist bei ihnen Brauch oder so üblich, dass sie etwas tuntrad. abk1. tradition Trad.2. traditional trad.* * *adjectivetraditionell; mündlich überliefert [Geschichte]; herkömmlich [Erziehung, Einrichtung, Methode]; überkommen [Brauch, Sitte, Werte, Moral]it is traditional to do something — es ist Tradition, etwas zu tun
* * *adj.althergebracht adj.altherkömmlich adj.herkömmlich adj.traditionell adj.üblich adj. -
2 put
putpresent participle - putting; verb1) (to place in a certain position or situation: He put the plate in the cupboard; Did you put any sugar in my coffee?; He put his arm round her; I'm putting a new lock on the door; You're putting too much strain on that rope; When did the Russians first put a man into space?; You've put me in a bad temper; Can you put (=translate) this sentence into French?) poner, colocar2) (to submit or present (a proposal, question etc): I put several questions to him; She put her ideas before the committee.) presentar3) (to express in words: He put his refusal very politely; Children sometimes have such a funny way of putting things!) expresar4) (to write down: I'm trying to write a letter to her, but I don't know what to put.) poner; escribir5) (to sail in a particular direction: We put out to sea; The ship put into harbour for repairs.) echar al mar•- put-on- a put-up job
- put about
- put across/over
- put aside
- put away
- put back
- put by
- put down
- put down for
- put one's feet up
- put forth
- put in
- put in for
- put off
- put on
- put out
- put through
- put together
- put up
- put up to
- put up with
put vb1. poner / colocar2. metertr[pʊt]■ where did you put the matches? ¿dónde has puesto las cerillas?2 (write, mark) poner, apuntar, escribir■ what did you put for number six? ¿qué pusiste en el número seis?3 (cause to be) poner■ what's put you in such a bad mood ¿qué te ha puesto de tan mal humor?4 (rate, classify) poner5 (express) expresar, decir■ how shall I put it? ¿cómo te lo diría?6 (calculate, estimate) calcular7 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (shot) lanzar\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be hard put to do something serle difícil a uno hacer algoto not know where to put oneself no saber dónde ponerse, no saber dónde esconderseto put an end to something acabar con algo, poner fin a algoto put in a good word for somebody recomendar a alguiento not put it past somebody (to do something) creer a alguien muy capaz (de hacer algo)to put one over on somebody engañar a alguiento put paid to something estropear algoto put something right arreglar algoto put somebody on the train, plane, etc acompañar a alguien al tren, al avión, etcto put somebody to bed acostar a alguiento put somebody to death ejecutar a alguiento put somebody up to something incitar a alguien a hacer algoto put something out to contract subcontratar algoto put something to good use hacer buen uso de algoto put the blame on somebody echar la culpa a alguiento put two and two together atar cabosto put something up for sale poner algo en ventato stay put quedarse quieto,-a1) place: poner, colocarput it on the table: ponlo en la mesa2) insert: meterit put her in a good mood: la puso de buen humorto put into effect: poner en práctica4) impose: imponerthey put a tax on it: lo gravaron con un impuesto5) subject: someter, ponerto put to the test: poner a pruebato put to death: ejecutar6) express: expresar, decirhe put it simply: lo dijo sencillamente7) apply: aplicarto put one's mind to something: proponerse hacer algo8) set: ponerI put him to work: lo puse a trabajar9) attach: darto put a high value on: dar gran valor a10) present: presentar, exponerto put a question to someone: hacer una pregunta a alguienput vi1)to put to sea : hacerse a la mar2)to put up with : aguantar, soportaradj.• puesto, -a adj.pret., p.p.(Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to put")• colocar v.v.(§ p.,p.p.: put) = lanzar v.• meter v.• poner v.(§pres: pongo, pones...) pret: pus-pp: puestofut/c: pondr-•)• situar v.pʊt
1.
2)a) ( place) poner*; (with care, precision etc) colocar*, poner*; ( inside something) meter, poner*to put something in the oven — poner* or meter algo en el horno
did you put salt in it? — ¿le pusiste or le echaste sal?
I put myself on the list — me apunté or me puse en la lista
not to know where to put oneself o (AmE also) one's face (colloq) — no saber* dónde ponerse or meterse
to put something behind one — olvidar or superar algo
b) (install, fit) poner*3)a) ( thrust)she put her head around the door/out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la puerta/por la ventana
b) (send, propel)c) ( Sport)to put the shot — lanzar* el peso
4)a) ( rank) poner*she puts herself first — se pone ella primero or en primer lugar
to put something above/before something: I put honesty above all other virtues para mí la honestidad está por encima de todas las demás virtudes or por encima de todo; he puts his art before everything else — antepone su arte a todo
b) (in competition, league)this victory puts them in o into the lead — con esta victoria pasan a ocupar la delantera
c) ( estimate)to put something at something: I'd put the figure at closer to $40,000 — yo diría que la cifra es más cercana a los 40.000 dólares
5) ( cause to be) poner*to put something to good use — \<\<time/ability/object\>\> hacer* buen uso de algo
6) (make undergo, cause to do)to put somebody to something: I don't want to put you to any trouble no quiero causarle ninguna molestia; I put her to work — la puse a trabajar; death, shame I 1), test I 1) b) etc
7)a) (attribute, assign)to put something on something: I couldn't put a price on it no sabría decir cuánto vale; I put a high value on our friendship — valoro mucho nuestra amistad
b) ( impose)to put something on something/somebody: they put a special duty on these goods gravaron estos artículos con un impuesto especial; to put the blame on somebody echarle la culpa a algn, culpar a algn; it put a great strain on their relationship — eso sometió su relación a una gran tensión
8)a) (instill, infect)to put something in(to) something: who put that idea into your head? — ¿quién te metió esa idea en la cabeza?
b) ( cause to have)to put something in(to) something: the fresh air put some color into his cheeks — el aire fresco les dio un poco de color a sus mejillas
9)a) ( invest)to put something into something — \<\<money\>\> invertir* algo en algo
b) (bet, stake)to put something on something — \<\<money\>\> apostar* or jugarse* algo a algo
c) ( contribute)to put something toward something — contribuir* con algo a algo, poner* algo para algo
10) (fix, repose)to put something in something/somebody: I put my trust in you puse or (liter) deposité mi confianza en ti; I don't put much faith in conventional medicine — no le tengo mucha fe a la medicina convencional
11) ( present) \<\<views/case\>\> exponer*, presentar; \<\<proposal\>\> presentarto put something to somebody: to put a question to somebody hacerle* una pregunta a algn; the employers' offer will be put to a mass meeting la oferta de la patronal será sometida a votación en una asamblea; I put it to you that... — (frml) mi opinión es que...
12) (write, indicate, mark) poner*what shall I put? — ¿qué pongo?
13) ( express) decir*(let me) put it this way: I wouldn't invite him again — te digo lo siguiente: no lo volvería a invitar
to put something well/badly — expresar algo bien/mal
2.
to put to sea — hacerse* a la mar, zarpar
Phrasal Verbs:- put away- put back- put by- put down- put in- put off- put on- put out- put over- put past- put up[pʊt] (pt, pp put)1. TRANSITIVE VERBFor set combinations consisting of put + noun, eg put a price on, put a strain on, put an end to, put at risk, put out of business, put in touch with look up the noun. For put + adverb/preposition combinations, see also phrasal verbs.1) (=place, thrust)a) (physically) poner; (with precision) colocar; (=insert) meter, introducir more frm; (=leave) dejar•
I put a serviette by each plate — puse or coloqué una servilleta junto a cada plato•
put it in the drawer — ponlo en el cajónshe put the chairs in a circle — puso or colocó las sillas en círculo
shall I put milk in your coffee? — ¿te pongo leche en el café?
he put a coin in the slot — puso or metió or more frm introdujo una moneda en la ranura
you should put your money in a bank — deberías poner or more frm depositar el dinero en un banco
•
I put a sheet of paper into the typewriter — puse or coloqué una hoja de papel en la máquina de escribir•
he put his keys on the table — puso or dejó las llaves en la mesaI put some more coal on the fire — puse or eché más carbón en el fuego
she put her head on my shoulder — apoyó or recostó la cabeza en mi hombro
•
she put her head out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la ventana•
he put his hand over his mouth — se tapó la boca con la mano, se puso la mano en la boca•
he put his head round the door — asomó la cabeza por la puerta•
I put my fist through the window — rompí la ventana con el puñobed 1., 1), flight II, stay I, 1., 1), a) Some put + noun combinations require a more specific Spanish verb. For very set combinations look up the noun.•
he put the shell to his ear — se puso or se acercó la concha al oído•
the syllabus puts a lot of emphasis on languages — el programa (de estudios) hace or pone mucho énfasis en los idiomas•
I wouldn't put any faith in what he says — yo no creería lo que dice, yo no tendría ninguna confianza en lo que dice•
you can put that idea out of your head — ya te puedes quitar esa idea de la cabezablame 1., figure 1., 6), trust 1., 1), tax 1., 1)•
this puts the responsibility on drivers to be aware of the law — esto responsabiliza a los conductores de estar enterados de la ley2) (=cause to be) poner•
to put sb in a good/bad mood — poner a algn de buen/mal humorthis puts me in a very awkward position — esto me pone or deja en una situación muy difícil
his win today puts him in second place overall — la victoria de hoy le pone or coloca en segunda posición en la clasificación general
•
to put sb on a diet — poner a algn a dieta or a régimen3) (=cause to undertake)•
she put him to work immediately — lo puso a trabajar en seguida4) (=express) decirI don't quite know how to put this — la verdad, no sé cómo decir esto
•
as Shakespeare puts it — como dice Shakespeare•
to put it bluntly — para decirlo claramente, hablando en plata *•
I find it hard to put into words — me resulta difícil expresarlo con palabras•
how shall I put it? — ¿cómo lo diría?let me put it this way... — digámoslo de esta manera..., por decirlo de alguna manera...
to put it another way, it'll save you three hours — por decirlo de otra manera, te ahorrará tres horas
5) (=write) poner, escribirwhat do you want me to put? — ¿qué quieres que ponga or escriba?
put your name at the top of the paper — ponga or escriba su nombre en la parte superior del papel
put the title in capital letters — pon or escribe el título en letras mayúsculas
•
I've put you on the waiting list — le he puesto en la lista de esperaput it on my account — (Comm) cárguelo a mi cuenta
•
he put a line through the offending paragraph — tachó el párrafo controvertido•
to put one's signature to sth — firmar algo6) (=invest) invertir•
to put money into a company — invertir dinero en una compañíaI've put a lot of time and effort into this — he invertido un montón de tiempo y esfuerzo en esto, le he dedicado a esto mucho tiempo y esfuerzo
"I'm not getting much out of this course" - "well, you're not putting much into it, are you?" — -no estoy sacando mucho de este curso -tampoco es que te estés esforzando mucho, ¿no?
7) (=contribute)•
to put sth towards sth — contribuir (con) algo hacia algoI'll pay for the bike but you'll have to put something towards it — yo pagaré la bici pero tú tienes que contribuir con algo
I'm going to put the money towards a holiday — voy a poner or guardar el dinero para unas vacaciones
8) (=expound, submit) [+ views] expresar, exponerthis will give people an opportunity to put their views — esto dará a la gente la oportunidad de expresar or exponer sus puntos de vista
he puts the case for a change in the law — plantea or expone argumentos a favor de un cambio en la ley
she puts a convincing case — presenta or da argumentos convincentes
•
the proposal was put before Parliament — la propuesta se presentó ante el parlamento•
to put sth to sb, how will you put it to him? — ¿cómo se lo vas a decir or comunicar?I put it to you that... — les sugiero que...
the chairman put the proposal to the committee — el presidente sometió la propuesta a votación en el comité
9) (=estimate)•
they put the loss at around £50,000 — calcularon or valoraron las pérdidas en unas 50.000 librashis fortune is put at 3 billion — se calcula or valora su fortuna en 3 billones
the number of dead was put at 6,000 — se calculó or estimó el número de muertos en 6.000
•
some put the figure as high as 20,000 — algunos estiman que la cifra llega hasta 20.00010) (=rank)•
he put himself above the law — creía estar por encima de la ley•
I wouldn't put him among the greatest poets — yo no le pondría entre los más grandes poetas•
we should never put money before happiness — no deberíamos nunca anteponer el dinero a la felicidadI put the needs of my children before anything else — para mí las necesidades de mis hijos van por delante de todo lo demás or son más importantes que todo lo demás
11) (=set)•
she put my brother against me — puso a mi hermano en contra mía•
to put a watch to the right time — poner un reloj en hora12) (=throw)•
to put the shot — (Sport) lanzar el peso13) (St Ex) (=offer to sell) [+ stock, security] declararse vendedor de14) (=bet)see put on2.INTRANSITIVE VERB(Naut)•
to put into port — entrar a puertothe ship put into Southampton — el barco entró a or en Southampton
•
to put to sea — hacerse a la mar3.COMPOUNDput option N — (St Ex) opción f de venta a precio fijado
- put away- put back- put by- put down- put in- put off- put on- put onto- put out- put over- put up- put upon* * *[pʊt]
1.
2)a) ( place) poner*; (with care, precision etc) colocar*, poner*; ( inside something) meter, poner*to put something in the oven — poner* or meter algo en el horno
did you put salt in it? — ¿le pusiste or le echaste sal?
I put myself on the list — me apunté or me puse en la lista
not to know where to put oneself o (AmE also) one's face (colloq) — no saber* dónde ponerse or meterse
to put something behind one — olvidar or superar algo
b) (install, fit) poner*3)a) ( thrust)she put her head around the door/out of the window — asomó la cabeza por la puerta/por la ventana
b) (send, propel)c) ( Sport)to put the shot — lanzar* el peso
4)a) ( rank) poner*she puts herself first — se pone ella primero or en primer lugar
to put something above/before something: I put honesty above all other virtues para mí la honestidad está por encima de todas las demás virtudes or por encima de todo; he puts his art before everything else — antepone su arte a todo
b) (in competition, league)this victory puts them in o into the lead — con esta victoria pasan a ocupar la delantera
c) ( estimate)to put something at something: I'd put the figure at closer to $40,000 — yo diría que la cifra es más cercana a los 40.000 dólares
5) ( cause to be) poner*to put something to good use — \<\<time/ability/object\>\> hacer* buen uso de algo
6) (make undergo, cause to do)to put somebody to something: I don't want to put you to any trouble no quiero causarle ninguna molestia; I put her to work — la puse a trabajar; death, shame I 1), test I 1) b) etc
7)a) (attribute, assign)to put something on something: I couldn't put a price on it no sabría decir cuánto vale; I put a high value on our friendship — valoro mucho nuestra amistad
b) ( impose)to put something on something/somebody: they put a special duty on these goods gravaron estos artículos con un impuesto especial; to put the blame on somebody echarle la culpa a algn, culpar a algn; it put a great strain on their relationship — eso sometió su relación a una gran tensión
8)a) (instill, infect)to put something in(to) something: who put that idea into your head? — ¿quién te metió esa idea en la cabeza?
b) ( cause to have)to put something in(to) something: the fresh air put some color into his cheeks — el aire fresco les dio un poco de color a sus mejillas
9)a) ( invest)to put something into something — \<\<money\>\> invertir* algo en algo
b) (bet, stake)to put something on something — \<\<money\>\> apostar* or jugarse* algo a algo
c) ( contribute)to put something toward something — contribuir* con algo a algo, poner* algo para algo
10) (fix, repose)to put something in something/somebody: I put my trust in you puse or (liter) deposité mi confianza en ti; I don't put much faith in conventional medicine — no le tengo mucha fe a la medicina convencional
11) ( present) \<\<views/case\>\> exponer*, presentar; \<\<proposal\>\> presentarto put something to somebody: to put a question to somebody hacerle* una pregunta a algn; the employers' offer will be put to a mass meeting la oferta de la patronal será sometida a votación en una asamblea; I put it to you that... — (frml) mi opinión es que...
12) (write, indicate, mark) poner*what shall I put? — ¿qué pongo?
13) ( express) decir*(let me) put it this way: I wouldn't invite him again — te digo lo siguiente: no lo volvería a invitar
to put something well/badly — expresar algo bien/mal
2.
to put to sea — hacerse* a la mar, zarpar
Phrasal Verbs:- put away- put back- put by- put down- put in- put off- put on- put out- put over- put past- put up -
3 extol
ik'stəulpast tense, past participle - extolled; verb(to praise highly.) ensalzar, alabartr[ɪks'təʊl]1 formal use ensalzar, alabarv.• bendecir v.(§pres: bendigo, bendices...) pret: bendij-pp: bendichofut/c: bendir-•)• elogiar v.• enaltecer v.• encaramar v.• encarecer v.• encomiar v.• engrandecer v.• ensalzar v.• exaltar v.• sobrealzar v.• tamborilear v.(US) [ɪks'tɒl]VT [+ merits, virtues] ensalzar, alabar; [+ person] alabar, elogiar* * * -
4 praise
1. transitive verb2. nounpraise somebody for doing something — jemanden dafür loben, dass er etwas tut/getan hat
1) (approval) Lob, daswin high praise — großes od. hohes Lob erhalten od. ernten
sing one's own/somebody's praises — ein Loblied auf sich/jemanden singen
* * *[preiz] 1. verb 2. noun(the expression of approval or honour: He has received a lot of praise for his musical skill.) das Lob- academic.ru/57302/praiseworthy">praiseworthy* * *[preɪz]I. vta widely \praised documentary eine viel gepriesene Dokumentation2. (worship)to \praise God/the Lord Gott/den Herrn preisen gehhymns are sung to \praise God Hymnen werden zum Lobpreis Gottes gesungen\praise the Lord! gelobt sei der Herr!a poem in \praise of older women ein Lobgedicht auf die reiferen Frauenthat's high \praise, coming from her aus ihrem Mund ist das ein großes Kompliment\praise from Rachel is \praise indeed ein Lob aus Rachels Munde! das will etwas heißen!to have nothing but \praise for sb/sth jdn/etw nur loben könnenI have nothing but \praise for her ich bin von ihr begeistertto shower \praise on sb, to shower sb with \praise jdn mit Lob überschüttento sing the \praise of sb/sth über jdn/etw ein Loblied singen figto sing one's own \praises sich akk selbst lobento win \praise for sth für etw akk [großes] Lob erntensth wins sb \praise etw bringt jdm Lob eina hymn of \praise ein Lobliedto give \praise to God/the Lord Gott/den Herrn preisen geh* * *[preɪz]1. vtloben; (to others, in worship also) preisen (geh), rühmen (geh)to praise sb for having done sth — jdn dafür loben, etw getan zu haben
to praise the virtues of sth — die Vorzüge einer Sache (gen) loben or preisen (geh)
2. nLob nt no pla hymn of praise —
a poem in praise of beer — ein Loblied nt auf das Bier
he spoke/made a speech in praise of their efforts — er sprach lobend von ihren Bemühungen/hielt eine Lobrede auf ihre Bemühungen
to win praise (person) — Lob ernten; (efforts) Lob einbringen
to be loud or warm in one's praise (of sth) — voll des Lobes (für etw) sein
praise indeed! (also iro) — ein hohes Lob
praise from him is praise indeed —
See:→ sing* * *praise [preız]A v/tB s1. Lob n:damn with faint praise auf die sanfte Art zerreißen;be loud in one’s praise of ( oder for), be full of praise for voll des Lobes sein über (akk), nicht mit Lob sparen für;sing sb’s praises ein Loblied auf jemanden singen;sing one’s own praises sich selbst beweihräuchern;in sb’s praise zu jemandes Lob;make a speech in praise of eine Lobrede halten auf (akk);2. Lobpreisung f* * *1. transitive verb1) (commend) loben; (more strongly) rühmen2. nounpraise somebody for doing something — jemanden dafür loben, dass er etwas tut/getan hat
1) (approval) Lob, daswin high praise — großes od. hohes Lob erhalten od. ernten
sing one's own/somebody's praises — ein Loblied auf sich/jemanden singen
* * *n.Belobigung f.Lob nur sing. n. v.anpreisen v.loben v.preisen v.(§ p.,pp.: pries, gepriesen)rühmen v. -
5 cardinal
1. adjective(chief; principal: cardinal sins.) cardinal
2. noun((the status of) one of the men next in rank to the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.) cardenalcardinal n cardenal
cardinal adjetivo cardinal
número cardinal, cardinal number
punto cardinal, cardinal point ' cardinal' also found in these entries: Spanish: cardenal - dos - este - solideo - tres - trescientas - trescientos - un - una - uno - capital - nordeste - noroeste - oeste - oriente - punto - siete - sudeste - sudoeste - sur English: cardinaltr['kɑːdɪnəl]1 (most important) capital, fundamental, principal1 SMALLRELIGION/SMALL cardenal nombre masculino\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLcardinal number número cardinalcardinal point punto cardinalcardinal sin pecado capitalcardinal virtues virtudes nombre femenino plural cardinalescardinal ['kɑrdənəl] adjfundamental: cardinal, fundamentalcardinal n: cardenal madj.• cardenal adj.• cardinal adj.n.• cardenal s.m.• purpurado s.m.
I 'kɑːrdṇəl, 'kɑːdɪnḷ1) ( Relig) cardenal m2) cardinal (number) número m cardinal
II
adjective <rule/idea> fundamental, esencialcardinal sin — pecado m capital
cardinal virtue — virtud f cardinal
['kɑːdɪnl]cardinal point — punto m cardinal
1.ADJ cardinala cardinal rule — una regla primordial or fundamental
2.N (Rel) cardenal m3.CPDcardinal number N — (Math) número m cardinal
cardinal point N — punto m cardinal
cardinal sin N — (Rel) pecado m capital
cardinal virtue N — virtud f cardinal
* * *
I ['kɑːrdṇəl, 'kɑːdɪnḷ]1) ( Relig) cardenal m2) cardinal (number) número m cardinal
II
adjective <rule/idea> fundamental, esencialcardinal sin — pecado m capital
cardinal virtue — virtud f cardinal
cardinal point — punto m cardinal
-
6 virtue
nounvirtue is its own reward — (prov.) die Tugend trägt ihren Lohn in sich selbst
there's no virtue in doing that — es bringt keinen Vorteil, das zu tun
3)by virtue of — auf Grund, aufgrund (+ Gen.)
* * *['və: u:]1) (a good moral quality: Honesty is a virtue.) die Tugend2) (a good quality: The house is small, but it has the virtue of being easy to clean.) der Vorzug3) (goodness of character etc: She is a person of great virtue.) die Rechtschaffenheit•- academic.ru/80442/virtuous">virtuous- virtuously
- virtuousness* * *vir·tue[ˈvɜ:tju:, -tʃu:, AM ˈvɜ:rtʃu:]nwoman of easy \virtue ( euph) leichtes Mädchenwould there be any \virtue in taking an earlier train? hätte es irgendeinen Nutzen, wenn ich einen früheren Zug nehmen würde?7.▶ to make a \virtue [out] of necessity aus der Not eine Tugend machen* * *['vɜːtjuː]n1) (= moral quality) Tugend fto make a virtue of necessity — aus der Not eine Tugend machen
2) (= chastity) Keuschheit f, Tugendhaftigkeit f3) (= advantage, point) Vorteil mwhat's the virtue of that? — welchen Vorteil hat das?, wozu ist das gut?
there is no virtue in doing that — es scheint nicht sehr zweckmäßig, das zu tun
4) (= healing power) Heilkraft fin or by virtue of — aufgrund or auf Grund (+gen)
* * *1. Tugend(haftigkeit) f (auch engS. Keuschheit):woman of virtue tugendhafte Frau;woman of easy virtue leichtes Mädchen2. Rechtschaffenheit f3. Tugend f:make a virtue of necessity aus der Not eine Tugend machen4. Wirkung f, Wirksamkeit f, Erfolg m:of great virtue (sehr) wirkungsvoll oder erfolgreich5. Vorteil m, Vorzug m6. (Rechts)Kraft f:by ( oder in) virtue of kraft (eines Gesetzes, einer Vollmacht etc), aufgrund von (od gen), vermöge (gen)7. obs Mannestugend f, Tapferkeit f* * *nounvirtue is its own reward — (prov.) die Tugend trägt ihren Lohn in sich selbst
there's no virtue in doing that — es bringt keinen Vorteil, das zu tun
3)by virtue of — auf Grund, aufgrund (+ Gen.)
* * *n.Tugend -en f.Vorzug -¨e m.Wert -e m.Wirksamkeit f. -
7 '4. Сложные слова
1. Слова, образованные на уровне словосочетания (некоторые из них авторские, т. е. впервые в статьях, романах). Модель: a go-go – дискотека.across-the-board-agreement – всеобъемлющее соглашениеall-or-none – категоричныйall-time-favourite – длительно популярныйalso-ran – проигравший (участник соревнования)any-old-how – любым способом(an) anything-goes-attitude (approach) – нетребовательность, неразборчивостьapple-pie-virtues – традиционные американские добродетели(a) Battle-of-Britain-pilot – летчик, участвовавший в боях за Британию во II мировой войнеbe-all, (and) end-all – наваждениеbright-eyed and bushy-tailed – живой, готовый к действию, подвижный (как белка)coffee-table-book – подарочное изданиеdoc(s)-in-a-box – медпункт при торговом центреdo-or-die – стараться изо всех силdo-re-mi (do-re-me) – деньгиdo's and don't's – правила (ср. рус. «... льзя и нельзя»)(the) drink-drive-breath-test – проверка дыхания на алкоголь для допуска к вождению машины(the) eat-and-thrust side (of the Parliamentary debate) – опыт (парламентских дебатов), предполагающий умение «пожирать противника» и наносить ударыedge-of-the-chair-suspense – нетерпение читателя, читающего приключенческий роман (novel of suspense), узнать о развитии событийgo-getting – уверенный в победеgo-no-go – нерешительный(a) gone-to-ruin (farmhouse) – развалившийся, запущенный (фермерский дом)high-rise-flat – квартира в высотном домеhome-beautifuls – домашний наряд (халат и туфли)kiss-and-tell – мемуары о частной жизниleast-worst – выбираемый как наименьшее злоloadsamoney – огромное, бросающееся в глаза богатствоmeat-and-potatoes – самое важное(a) must-see-film – фильм, который обязательно надо посмотретьnickel-in-the-slot-machine – торговый автоматonce-over-lightly – работа «спустя рукава», беглое ознакомлениеover-the-toppery – броскость в одежде и поведенииpay-your-way – хозрасчетныйpeace-and-order officers – блюстители порядкаbroam-a-phone – портативный телефонsmall-tooth-comb – тщательное расследование, «прочесывание»stick-to-it-ive – настойчивый, неотвязныйwarts-and-all – приемлемо, несмотря на все недостаткиwith-it – современныйwrongo – неприемлемый, нежелательный; человек из преступного мира2. Слова, образованные на уровне предложения (часто авторские или сленговые). Модель: do-it-yourself-er – 'умелец' (сделай сам).don't-call-us-we'll-call-you manner – обращение к претенденту на вакантную должность в конце интервью с работодателем (не звоните, вам позвонят)hug-me-tight – плотно прилегающая шерстяная кофточкаJohnny-be-good – полицейский, блюститель законаJohnnie-come-lately – недавно поступивший на работу сотрудник(a kind of) know-it-all snicker – насмешливое хихиканье всё знающего человека(the) papa-knows-best-in-all-matters theory – теория о том, что отец лучше всех во всем разбираетсяwannabee (want to be) – желающий походить на своего кумираwhatsis (what's his name) – как его там (как его зовут)whatsisface – как там егоwhatchamacallit – как мне это (его) называтьwhereitat – центр деятельности, самое главное местоwhodunit (who has done it) – детективный роман -
8 '4. Сложные слова
1. Слова, образованные на уровне словосочетания (некоторые из них авторские, т. е. впервые в статьях, романах). Модель: a go-go – дискотека.across-the-board-agreement – всеобъемлющее соглашениеall-or-none – категоричныйall-time-favourite – длительно популярныйalso-ran – проигравший (участник соревнования)any-old-how – любым способом(an) anything-goes-attitude (approach) – нетребовательность, неразборчивостьapple-pie-virtues – традиционные американские добродетели(a) Battle-of-Britain-pilot – летчик, участвовавший в боях за Британию во II мировой войнеbe-all, (and) end-all – наваждениеbright-eyed and bushy-tailed – живой, готовый к действию, подвижный (как белка)coffee-table-book – подарочное изданиеdoc(s)-in-a-box – медпункт при торговом центреdo-or-die – стараться изо всех силdo-re-mi (do-re-me) – деньгиdo's and don't's – правила (ср. рус. «... льзя и нельзя»)(the) drink-drive-breath-test – проверка дыхания на алкоголь для допуска к вождению машины(the) eat-and-thrust side (of the Parliamentary debate) – опыт (парламентских дебатов), предполагающий умение «пожирать противника» и наносить ударыedge-of-the-chair-suspense – нетерпение читателя, читающего приключенческий роман (novel of suspense), узнать о развитии событийgo-getting – уверенный в победеgo-no-go – нерешительный(a) gone-to-ruin (farmhouse) – развалившийся, запущенный (фермерский дом)high-rise-flat – квартира в высотном домеhome-beautifuls – домашний наряд (халат и туфли)kiss-and-tell – мемуары о частной жизниleast-worst – выбираемый как наименьшее злоloadsamoney – огромное, бросающееся в глаза богатствоmeat-and-potatoes – самое важное(a) must-see-film – фильм, который обязательно надо посмотретьnickel-in-the-slot-machine – торговый автоматonce-over-lightly – работа «спустя рукава», беглое ознакомлениеover-the-toppery – броскость в одежде и поведенииpay-your-way – хозрасчетныйpeace-and-order officers – блюстители порядкаbroam-a-phone – портативный телефонsmall-tooth-comb – тщательное расследование, «прочесывание»stick-to-it-ive – настойчивый, неотвязныйwarts-and-all – приемлемо, несмотря на все недостаткиwith-it – современныйwrongo – неприемлемый, нежелательный; человек из преступного мира2. Слова, образованные на уровне предложения (часто авторские или сленговые). Модель: do-it-yourself-er – 'умелец' (сделай сам).don't-call-us-we'll-call-you manner – обращение к претенденту на вакантную должность в конце интервью с работодателем (не звоните, вам позвонят)hug-me-tight – плотно прилегающая шерстяная кофточкаJohnny-be-good – полицейский, блюститель законаJohnnie-come-lately – недавно поступивший на работу сотрудник(a kind of) know-it-all snicker – насмешливое хихиканье всё знающего человека(the) papa-knows-best-in-all-matters theory – теория о том, что отец лучше всех во всем разбираетсяwannabee (want to be) – желающий походить на своего кумираwhatsis (what's his name) – как его там (как его зовут)whatsisface – как там егоwhatchamacallit – как мне это (его) называтьwhereitat – центр деятельности, самое главное местоwhodunit (who has done it) – детективный роман -
9 Maudslay, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 22 August 1771 Woolwich, Kent, Englandd. 15 February 1831 Lambeth, London, England[br]English precision toolmaker and engineer.[br]Henry Maudslay was the third son of an ex-soldier and storekeeper at Woolwich Arsenal. At the age of 12 he was employed at the Arsenal filling cartridges; two years later he was transferred to the woodworking department, adjacent to the smithy, to which he moved when 15 years old. He was a rapid learner, and three years later Joseph Bramah took him on for the construction of special tools required for the mass-production of his locks. Maudslay was thus employed for the next eight years. He became Bramah's foreman, married his housekeeper, Sarah Tindale, and, unable to better himself, decided to leave and set up on his own. He soon outgrew his first premises in Wells Street and moved to Margaret Street, off Oxford Street, where some examples of his workmanship were displayed in the window. These caught the attention of a visiting Frenchman, de Bacquancourt; he was a friend of Marc Isambard Brunel, who was then in the early stages of designing the block-making machinery later installed at Portsmouth dockyard.Brunel wanted first a set of working models, as he did not think that the Lords of the Admiralty would be capable of understanding engineering drawings; Maudslay made these for him within the next two years. Sir Samuel Bentham, Inspector-General of Naval Works, agreed that Brunel's system was superior to the one that he had gone some way in developing; the Admiralty approved, and an order was placed for the complete plant. The manufacture of the machinery occupied Maudslay for the next six years; he was assisted by a draughtsman whom he took on from Portsmouth dockyard, Joshua Field (1786–1863), who became his partner in Maudslay, Son and Field. There were as many as eighty employees at Margaret Street until, in 1810, larger premises became necessary and a new works was built at Lambeth Marsh where, eventually, there were up to two hundred workers. The new factory was flanked by two houses, one of which was occupied by Maudslay, the other by Field. The firm became noted for its production of marine steam-engines, notably Maudslay's table engine which was first introduced in 1807.Maudslay was a consummate craftsman who was never happier than when working at his bench or at a machine tool; he was also one of the first engineers to appreciate the virtues of standardization. Evidence of this appreciation is to be found in his work in the development of the Bramah lock and then on the machine tools for the manufacture of ship's blocks to Marc Brunel's designs; possibly his most important contribution was the invention in 1797 of the metal lathe. He made a number of surface plates of the finest quality. The most celebrated of his numerous measuring devices was a micrometer-based machine which he termed his "Lord Chancellor" because, in the machine shop, it represented the "final court of appeal", measuring to one-thousandth of an inch.[br]Further Reading1934–5, "Maudslay, Sons \& Field as general engineers", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 15, London.1963, Engineering Heritage, Vol. 1, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers. L.T.C.Rolt, 1965, Tools for the Job, London: Batsford.W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford: Oxford University Press.IMcN
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